1. Moaning, whining, and being overwhelmed by crying:

This is because Allāh, Exalted is He, says, “When the verses of the Most Merciful were recited to them, they fell in prostration and weeping.” [Sūrah Maryam, Āyah 58]. It was also narrated from ‘Abdullāh Ibn Al Shikhkhīr that he said, “I saw the Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) praying and rumbling sound was coming from his chest as a result of crying.” [Ṣaḥīḥ Al Targhīb wa Al Tarhīb: 542]

2. The ruling on turning and gesturing to make somebody understand something when there is a need to do so:

It was narrated from Jābir that he said, “The Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) was unwell so we prayed behind him while he sat. Abū Bakr repeated his takbīrs (saying Allāhu Akbar) so that the people could hear. He turned to us and saw us standing; so, he gestured to us, so we sat. So, we prayed like him, sitting down” [Reported by Imam Muslim: 413].

The ruling on turning when there is no need:

It is not befitting to turn during prayer if there is no ned. The evidence for this is the ḥadīth (narration) of ‘Ā`ishah (May Allāh be pleased with him) that she said, “I asked the Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) about turning during prayer and he said, “it is something that Shayṭān (Satan) snatches from a slave’s prayer.” [Reported by Bukhārī: 751].

3. One of the things that are allowed during prayer is killing snakes, scorpions, wasps or anything harmful:

It was narrated from Abū Hurayrah (may Allāh be pleased with him) that he said, “The Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “Kill the two black things in prayer: snakes and scorpions.”” [Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan Al-Nasā’ī: 1147].

4. One of the things that is allowed during prayer is walking a short distance when there is a need:

It was narrated from ‘Āishah (may Allāh be pleased with her) that she said, “The Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) was praying with the door closed. I came and requested that the door be opened, so he walked and opened it for me. Then he returned to the place where he was praying.” She also mentioned that the door was in the direction of prayer (qiblah) [Authenticated by Sheikh Al Albānī in Al Irwā: 386].

5. One of the things that is allowed during prayer is holding a child and him hanging from the person praying:

It was narrated from Abū Qatādah Al Anṣārī that “Allāh’s Messenger (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) used to pray holding Umāmah Daughter of Zaynab Daughter of Allāh’s Messenger (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him). Abū Al ‘Āṣ Bin Rabī`ah Bin ‘Abdi Shams added in his narration that when he prostrated, he put her down; and when he stood up, he picked her up.” [Reported by Bukhārī: 516]

6. One of the things that is allowed during prayer is saying As Salāmu ‘alaikum to the person praying and that person replying with a gesture:

It was narrated from Ṣuhaib that he said, “I passed by Allāh’s Messenger (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) and said As Salāmu ’alaikum to him and he replied with a gesture.” The narrator said all Suhayb said “he gestured with his finger” [Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd: 818].

7. The things that are allowed during prayer include saying subḥānAllāh and clapping:

It was narrated from Abū Hurayrah (may Allāh be pleased with him) that he said, “Allāh’s Messenger (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “Men say subḥānAllāh and women clap.” [Reported by Bukhārī: 1204]

8. One of the things that is allowed during prayer is correcting the imam:

It was narrated from Al Miswār Bin Yazīd Al Mālikī that he said, “I witnessed Allāh’s Messenger (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) recite in prayer and he left something out. So, a man said to him “O Messenger of Allāh, you left out such and such and such an āyah.” So Allāh’s Messenger (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “If only you had reminded me.”” [Ṣaḥīḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd: 803].

9. One of the things that is allowed during prayer is pursuing a thief:

Qatādah said, “If one’s clothes are taken, one should pursue the thief and leave the prayer.” [Bukhārī Abridged: 1/286]

10. One of the things that is allowed during prayer is lightly prodding the leg of somebody who is sleeping or the like:

It was narrated from ‘Ā`ishah (may Allāh be pleased with her) that she said, “I was sleeping in front of the Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) and my legs were in front of him in the direction that he was praying. So, when he prostrated, he prodded me lightly and I held my legs; and when he stood, I stretched them out.” She said “The houses in those days didn’t have lanterns.” [Reported by Imam Bukhārī: 513].