1. Cold and rain:

It was narrated from Nāfi’ (may Allāh be pleased with him) that Ibn ‘Umar gave the call to prayer on a cold, windy night and said “Pray in your stopping places”. Then he said, “When it was a cold, rainy night, the Messenger of Allāh (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) used to tell the Muezzin (the person who gives the call to prayer) to say “Pray in your stopping places”” [Reported by Bukhārī: 666].

2. When the food is ready and you want to eat it immediately:

It was narrated from ‘Ā`ishah (may Allāh be pleased with her) that the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “If dinner has been put out and the prayer has been established, have your dinner first.” [Reported by Bukhārī: 671].

3. Fighting off either of the two dirty things (passing urine or passing stool):

It was narrated from ‘Ā`ishah (may Allāh be pleased with her) that she said that the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “You are not to pray if the food is ready or you are fighting off either of the two dirty things.” [Reported by Bukhārī: 560].