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The pillars of prayer:

Prayer has fourteen pillars, none of which is to be left intentionally, out of forgetfulness or out of ignorance, because prayer is not correct without them:

  1. Standing – During the obligatory prayers, for whoever is able is to stand upright: This is because Allāh, Exalted is He, said, “And stand before Allāh, devoutly obedient.” [Sūrat Al Baqarah Āyah No. 238].
  2. To begin with the Takbīratu al iḥrām, saying “Allāhu Akbar”. Prayer is not correct without this; this is because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said to the one who prayed badly, “ When you intend to pray, say “Allāhu Akbar”” [Reported by Imam Bukhārī 397] and because he (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “You begin the prayer by saying “Allāh Akbar” and you finish it by saying “Assālamu ‘alaikum”” [Authenticated by Al Albāni in Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Mājah: 224].
  3. Reciting Sūrat Al Fātiḥah in the correct order in every rak’ah (unit of prayer): This is because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “Whoever does not recite Al Fātiḥah has not prayed” [Reported by Imam Muslim].
  4. Performing rukū’ (bowing) in every rak’ah (unit of prayer): This is because Allāh, Exalted is He, said, “O you who believe, bow and prostrate” [Sūrat Al Ḥajj Āyah No. 77] and because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “then bow for long enough to come to rest while bowing” [Reported by Imam Muslim: 397].
  5. Coming up from rukū’ (bowing) and standing up straight: This is because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “then bow for long enough to come to rest while bowing. Then raise your head until you are standing straight” [Reported by Imam Muslim: 397].
  6. Sujūd (prostration) in every rak’ah (unit of prayer): This is because Allāh, exalted is He, said “prostrate” [Sūrat Al Ḥajj Āyah No. 77] and because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said in the ḥadīth (narration) of the one who prayed badly, “Then prostrate for long enough to come to rest while prostrating” [Reported by Imam Bukhārī: 793].
  7. Coming out of prostration and sitting between the two prostrations; this is because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said to the one who prayed badly, “Then sit for long enough to come to rest while sitting” [Reported by Imam Al Bukhārī: 793].
  8. Coming to rest in all of the pillars: This means being still for long enough to fulfil what is wājib (obligatory) in every pillar. This is because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) told the one who prayed badly to do this in every pillar and because he told him to repeat his prayer when he had not done it. [Al Fiqh Al Muyassar [Al Fiqh Al Muyassar (Islamic Jurisprudence Made Easy)]
  9. The final tashahhud: This is because Ibn Mas’ ūd said, “Before the tashahhud was made obligatory, we used to say, ‘Peace be upon Allāh from His slaves’. Then the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, do not say, “Peace be upon Allāh from His slaves” but say, “Greeting of reverence to Allāh“” So, when he said, “Before the tashahhud was made obligatory”, this shows that it is obligatory. [Al Fiqh Al Muyassar (Islamic Jurisprudence Made Easy): 63].
  10. Sitting for the final tashahhud; because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) did so, and always did it, and he said, “Pray as you have seen me pray.” [ Reported by Imam Al Bukhārī: 631]
  11. Saying “Assālamu ‘alaikum”, because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) said, “You begin the prayer by saying “Allāh Akbar” and you finish it by saying “Assālamu ‘alaikum”” [Authenticated by Al Albānī in Ṣaḥīḥ Ibn Mājah: 224]. So, he says “Assālamu ‘alaikum wa raḥmatullāh” to his right and then says “Assālamu ‘alaikum wa raḥmatullāh’ to his left”. [Al Fiqh Al Muyassar (Islamic Jurisprudence Made Easy): 63].
  12. Performing the pillars in order: This is because the Prophet (May Allāh praise him and Peace be upon him) performed them in order and said, “Pray as you have seen me pray”. He also taught the one who prayed badly to do this, saying, “Then”, which is evidence for the correct order being obligatory. [Al Fiqh Al Muyassar (Islamic Jurisprudence Made Easy): 63].

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